Post-Quantum Biometric Authentication Based on Homomorphic Encryption and Classic McEliece

Homomorphic encryption is a powerful mechanism that allows sensitive data, such as biometric to be compared in protected way, revealing only the comparison result when private key known. This very useful for non-device-centric authentication architectures with clients provide data and external servers authenticate them. While many reported solutions do not follow standards are resistant quantum computer attacks, this work proposes secure scheme applies homomorphic based on Classic McEliece public-key algorithm, which round 4 candidate of NIST post-quantum standardization process. The specific steps transform features extracted from samples. Its use proposed architecture ensures user privacy. Irreversibility, revocability unlinkability satisfied robust stolen-device, False-Acceptance Rate (FAR) similarity-based attacks well honest-but-curious servers. In addition security achieved by system, remains stable over 40 years proposal reduced storage communication overheads low computational cost. A practical implementation facial system illustrated generation FaceNet embeddings. Experimental results public databases show improves accuracy unprotected scheme, maintaining False-Rejection Rate, real-time execution parameter sets 128 256 bits (mceliece348864 mceliece6688128, respectively), reduces requirements more than 90.5% most reduced-size encryption-based schemes literature.